Tuesday of Holy Week
Isaiah,
Chapter 41, verse 22-23
22 Let them draw near
and foretell to us what it is that shall happen! What are the things of long
ago? Tell us, that we may reflect on them and know their outcome; or declare to
us the things to come, 23
tell what is to be in the future, that we may know that you are gods! Do
something, good or evil, that will put us in awe and in FEAR.
This verse is Isaiah’s indictment of Babylonian gods
that is patterned on a legal trial, in which they are challenged to prove power
over events of history and so justify their status as gods. Christ at his
coming did show his power as God by his healings and miracles but still the
Jews did not believe because their mind was trapped by wrong thinking. If we
are to follow Christ, we must know His thinking.
Today let us reflect on Christ’s mind given in the
gospel.
“To you who hear I
say, love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, bless those who curse
you, pray for those who mistreat you. To the person who strikes you on one cheek,
offer the other one as well, and from the person, who takes your cloak, do not
withhold even your tunic. Give to everyone who asks of you, and from the one
who takes what is yours do not demand it back. Do to others as you would have
them do to you. For if you love those who love you, what credit is that to you?
Even sinners love those who love them. And if you do good to those who do good
to you, what credit is that to you? Even sinners do the same. If you lend money
to those from whom you expect repayment, what credit is that to you? Even sinners
lend to sinners, and get back the same amount. But rather, love your enemies
and do good to them, and lend expecting nothing back; then your reward will be great,
and you will be children of the Most High, for he himself is kind to the
ungrateful and the wicked. Be merciful, just as also your Father is merciful.
“Stop judging and you will not be judged. Stop condemning and you will not be
condemned. Forgive and you will be forgiven. Give and gifts will be given to
you; a good measure, packed together, shaken down, and overflowing, will be
poured into your lap. For the measure with which you measure will in return be
measured out to you.”
Tuesday of Holy Week
Traditionally the account of Christ's Passion according
to St. Mark is read today and most people continue with spring cleaning. Also
today marks the bargaining of Judas with the Sanhedrin as the Jewish way of
tracking time makes Tuesday evening Wednesday as days changed after sunset and
not at midnight following the Roman time keeping method.[1]
We learned yesterday from St. John that Judas was a
thief. He robbed from Christ, from the other apostles, from the incipient
Church. Jesus, for him, had become merely an excuse to seek after his own
interests. Jesus was not the one thing necessary, as he was for Mary of
Bethany. Jesus wasn't even an end, but merely a means for Judas to satisfy his
own greed. Judas supposedly had serious qualms of conscience about the failure
to sell the years’ worth of aromatic nard with which Mary had anointed Jesus'
feet, but he thought nothing about selling Jesus for 30 pieces of silver. Judas
had been a disciple merely in his body, not in his heart. Judas had been called
personally by the Lord, had lived with him for about 1,000 days, had followed
him for three years, had heard him preach and teach, had seen him walk on
water, still stormy seas, feed thousands with a five rolls and two sardines,
raise three people from the dead, heal on countless occasions the sick, blind
and lame and have mercy on countless sinners, had even received from the Lord
the power to do many of these same things himself, and had been entrusted by
him with the money bag for the Twelve. But he tragically had never gotten to
know Jesus, and even more tragically had never gotten to love him. He remained
just a follower of Jesus on the outside, not on the inside. In betraying Jesus,
Judas valued him less than a handful of coins, forgetting that it would profit
him nothing to gain the whole world and forfeit his life.[2]
Goffine’s Devout
Instructions (1896) for Tuesday in Holy Week
Prayer. O ALMIGHTY and everlasting God
grant us so to celebrate the mysteries of Our Lord s passion that we may
deserve to obtain pardon.
EPISTLE. Jeremias xi. 18-20.
In those days Jeremias said: Thou, O Lord, hast showed me, and I have
known then Thou showedst me their doings. And I was as a meek lamb that is
carried to be a victim: and I knew not that they had devised counsels against
me, saying: Let us put wood on his bread, and cut him off from the land of the
living, and let his name be remembered no more. But Thou, O Lord of Sabbath,
Who judgest justly, and triest the reins and the hearts, let me see Thy revenge
on them: for to Thee have I revealed my cause, O Lord my God.
Instead of the gospel the Church reads to-day:
THE PASSION OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST,
According to St. Mark xiv. and xv.
At that time:
The feast of the Pasch, and of the Azymes was after two days: and the chief
priests and the scribes sought how they might by some wile lay hold on Him, and
kill Him. But they said: Not on the festival- day, lest there should be a
tumult among the people. And when He was in Bethania in the house of Simon the
leper, and was at meat, there came a woman having an alabaster box of ointment
of precious spikenard: and breaking the alabaster box she poured it out upon
His head. Now there were some that had indignation within themselves, and said:
Why was this waste of the ointment made?
For this
ointment might have been sold for more than three hundred pence, and given to
the poor. And they murmured against her. But Jesus said: Let her alone, why do
you molest her?
She hath
wrought a good work upon Me. For the poor you have always with you: and
whensoever you will, you may do them good; but Me you have not always. What she
had, she hath done she is come beforehand to anoint My body for the burial.
Amen I say to you, wheresoever this gospel shall be preached in the whole world,
that also which she hath done, shall be told for a memorial of her. And Judas
Iscariot, one of the twelve, went to the chief priests to betray Him to them.
Who hearing it were glad: and they promised him they would give him money?
And he sought
how he might conveniently betray Him. Now on the first day of the unleavened
bread when they sacrificed the Pasch, the disciples say to Him: Whither wilt
Thou that we go, and prepare for Thee to eat the Pasch. And He sendeth two of
His disciples, and saith to them: Go ye into the city ; and there shall meet
you a man carrying a pitcher of water, follow him ; and whithersoever he shall
go in, say to the master of the house, The Master saith, Where is My refectory,
where I may eat the Pasch with My disciples?
And he will
show you a large dining-room furnished; and there prepare ye for us. And His
disciples went their way, and came into the city; and they found as He had told
them, and they prepared the Pasch. And when evening was come, He cometh with
the twelve. And when they were at table and eating, Jesus saith: Amen I say to
you, one of you that eateth with Me shall betray Me. But they began to be
sorrowful, and to say to Him one by one: Is it I? Who saith to them:
One of the twelve, who dippeth with Me his hand in the dish? And the Son of
man indeed goeth, as it is written of Him: but wo to that man by whom the Son
of man shall be betrayed. It were better for him, if that man had not been
born. And whilst they were eating, Jesus took bread: and blessing broke, and
gave to them, and said: Take ye, this is My body. And having taken the chalice,
giving thanks He gave it to them. And they all drank of it. And He said to them:
This is My blood of the New Testament, which shall be shed for many. Amen I say
to you, that I will drink no more of this fruit of the vine, until that day
when I shall drink it new in the kingdom of God. And when they had said a hymn,
they went forth to the Mount of Olives. And Jesus saith to them: You will all
be scandalized in My regard this night; for it is written, I will strike the
shepherd, and the sheep shall be dispersed. But after I shall be risen again, I
will go before you into Galilee. But Peter saith to Him: Although all shall be
scandalized in Thee, yet not I. And Jesus saith to him: Amen I say to thee,
to-day even in this night, before the cock crow twice, thou shalt deny Me
thrice. But he spoke the more vehemently: Although I should die together with
Thee, I will not deny Thee. And in like manner also said they all. And they come
to a farm called Gethsemani. And He saith to His disciples: Sit you here, while
I pray. And He taketh Peter and James and John with Him; and He began to fear
and to be heavy. And He saith to them: My soul is sorrowful even unto death;
stay you here, and watch. And when He was gone forward a little He fell flat on
the ground; and He prayed that if it might be, the hour might pass from Him:
and He saith: Abba, Father, all things are possible to Thee, remove this
chalice from Me, but not what I will, but what Thou wilt. And He cometh, and
findeth them sleeping. And He saith to Peter: Simon, sleepest thou? couldst
thou not watch one hour?
Watch ye, and
pray that you enter not into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the
flesh is weak. And going away again, He prayed, saying the same words. And when
he returned, He found them again asleep (for their eyes were heavy) and they
knew not what to answer Him. And He cometh the third time, and saith to them:
Sleep ye now, and take your rest. It is enough: the hour is come behold the Son
of man shall be betrayed into the hands of sinners. rise, let us go. Behold, he
that will betray Me, is at hand. And while He was yet speaking, cometh Judas
Iscariot, one of the twelve, and with him a great multitude with swords and
staves, from the chief priests and the scribes and the ancients. And he that betrayed
Him had given them a sign, saying: Whomsoever I shall kiss, that is He, lay
hold on Him, and lead Him away carefully. And when he was come, immediately
going up to Him, he saith: Hail, Rabbi: and he kissed Him. But they laid hands
on Him, and held Him. And one of them that stood by drawing a sword, struck a
servant of the chief priest, and cut off his ear. And Jesus answering, said to them:
Are you come out as to a robber with swords and staves to apprehend Me?
I was daily
with you in the temple teaching, and you did not lay hands on Me. But that the
Scriptures may be fulfilled. Then His disciples leaving Him all fled away. And
a certain young man followed Him having a linen cloth cast about his naked body:
and they laid hold on him. But he, casting off the linen cloth, fled from them
naked. And they brought Jesus to the high priest: and all the priests and the
scribes and the ancients assembled together. And Peter followed Him afar off,
even into the court of the high priest: and he sat with the servants at the
fire, and warmed himself. And the chief priests and all the council sought for
evidence against Jesus that they might put Him to death, and found none. For
many bore false witness against Him, and their evidences were not agreeing. And
some rising up, bore false witness against Him, saying: We heard Him say, I
will destroy this temple made with hands, and within three days I will build
another, not made with hands. And their witness did not agree. And the high
priest rising up in the midst, asked Jesus, saying: Answerest Thou nothing to
the things that are laid to Thy charge by these men?
But He held His
peace and answered nothing. Again, the high priest asked Him, and said to Him:
Art Thou the Christ, the Son of the blessed God?
And Jesus said
to him: I am. And you shall see the Son of man sitting on the right hand of the
power of God, and coming with the clouds of heaven. Then the high priest
rending his garments saith: What need we any farther witnesses? You have heard
the blasphemy. What think you?
Who all
condemned Him to be guilty of death. And some began to spit on Him, and to
cover His face, and to buffet Him, and to say unto Him: Prophesy: and the
servants struck Him with the palms of their hands. Now when Peter was in the
court below, there cometh one of the maidservants of the high priest. And when
she had seen Peter warming himself, looking on him she saith: Thou also wast
with Jesus of Nazareth. But he denied, saying I neither know nor understand
what thou sayest. And he went forth before the court, and the cock crew. And again,
a maid servant seeing him, began to say to the standers-by: This is one of
them. But he denied again. And after a while they that stood by said again to Peter:
Surely, thou art one of them: for thou art also a Galilean. But he began to
curse and to swear, saying I know not this man of Whom you speak. And
immediately the cock crew again. And Peter remembered the word that Jesus had
said unto him: Before the cock crow twice, thou shalt thrice deny Me. And he
began to weep. And straightway in the morning the chief priests holding a
consultation with the ancients and the scribes and the whole council, binding
Jesus, led Him away and delivered Him to Pilate. And Pilate asked Him: Art Thou
the King of the Jews?
But He
answering, saith to him: Thou sayest it. And the chief priests accused Him in
many things. And Pilate again asked Him, saying: Answerest Thou nothing? behold
in how many things they accuse Thee. But Jesus still answered nothing: so that
Pilate wondered. Now on the festival-day he was wont to release unto them one
of the prisoners, whomsoever they demanded. And there was one called Barabbas,
who was put in prison with some seditious men, who in, the sedition had
committed murder. And when the multitude was come up, they began to desire that
he would do, as he had ever done unto them. And Pilate answered them, and said:
Will you that I release to you the King of the Jews?
For he knew
that the chief priests had delivered Him up out of envy. But the chief priests
moved the people, that he should rather release Barabbas to them. And Pilate
again answering, saith to them: What will you then that I do to the King of the
Jews?
But they again
cried out: Crucify Him. And Pilate saith to them: Why, what evil hath He done?
But they cried
out the more: Crucify Him. And so, Pilate being willing to satisfy the people,
released to them Barabbas, and delivered up Jesus, when he had scourged Him, to
be crucified. And the soldiers led Him into the court of the palace, and they
call together the whole band: and they clothe Him with purple, and platting a
crown of thorns, they put it upon Him. And they began to salute Him: Hail, King
of the Jews. And they struck His head with a reed: and they did spit on Him.
And bowing their knees, they adored Him. And after they had mocked Him, they
took off the purple from Him, and put His own garments on Him, and they led Him
out to crucify Him. And they forced one Simon a Cyrenian who passed by, coming
out of the country, the father of Alexander and of Rufus, to take up His cross.
And they bring Him into the place called Golgotha, which being interpreted is,
the place of Calvary. And they gave Him to drink wine mingled with myrrh: but
He took it not. And crucifying Him, they divided His garments, casting lots
upon them, what every man should take. And it was the third hour, and they
crucified Him. And the inscription of His cause was written over, THE KING OF
THE JEWS. And with Him they crucify two thieves, the one on His right hand, and
the other on His left. And the Scripture was fulfilled which saith: And with
the wicked He was reputed. And they that passed by, blasphemed Him, wagging
their heads, and saying: Vah, thou that destroyest the temple of God, and in
three days buildest it up again, save Thyself, coming down from the cross. In
like manner also the chief priests mocking, said with the scribes one to
another: He saved others, Himself He cannot save. Let Christ the King of Israel
come down now from the cross, that we may see and believe. And they that were
crucified with Him, reviled Him. And when the sixth hour was come, there was
darkness over the whole earth until the ninth hour. And at the ninth hour Jesus
cried out with a loud voice, saying: Eloi, Eloi, lamma sabacthani? Which is,
being interpreted, My God, My God, why hast Thou forsaken Me?
And some of the
standers-by hearing, said: Be hold He calleth Elias. And one running and
filling a sponge with vinegar, and putting it upon a reed, gave Him to drink, saying:
Stay, let us see if Elias come to take Him down. And Jesus having cried out
with a loud voice gave up the ghost. [Here all kneel.] And the veil of the
temple was rent in two, from the top to the bottom. And the centurion who stood
over against Him, seeing that crying out in this manner He had given up the
ghost, said: Indeed, this man was the Son of God. And there were also women
looking on afar off: among whom was Mary Magdalen, and Mary the mother of James
the Less and of Joseph, and Salome: who also when He was in Galilee, followed
Him, and ministered to Him, and many other women that came up with Him to
Jerusalem. And when evening was now come (because it was the Parasceve, that
is, the day before the Sabbath), Joseph of Arimathea, a noble counsellor, who
was also himself looking for the kingdom of God, came and went in boldly to
Pilate, and begged the body of Jesus. But Pilate wondered that He should be
already dead. And sending for the centurion, he asked him if He were already
dead. And when he had understood it by the centurion, he gave the body to
Joseph. And Joseph buying fine linen and taking Him down, wrapped Him up in the
fine linen, and laid Him in a sepulcher which was hewed out of a rock. And he
rolled a stone to the door of the sepulcher.
·
Jesus denounces the scribes and Pharisees (Mt
23:1-36; Mk 12:37-40; Lk 20:4547)
·
Jesus teaches in the Temple (Lk 21:37-38)
·
Jesus predicts the destruction of the Temple. (Mt
24:1-3; Mk 13:1-4; Lk 21:5-7
·
Returns to Bethany at night.
On Tuesday morning,
Jesus and his disciples returned to Jerusalem. They passed the withered fig
tree on their way, and Jesus spoke to his companions about the importance of
faith. Back at the Temple, religious leaders, upset at Jesus establishing
himself as a spiritual authority, organized an ambush with the intent to place
Him under arrest. But Jesus evaded their traps and pronounced harsh judgment on
them, saying:
"Blind
guides! For you are like whitewashed tombs—beautiful on the outside but filled
on the inside with dead people's bones and all sorts of impurity. Outwardly you
look like righteous people, but inwardly your hearts are filled with hypocrisy
and lawlessness...Snakes! Sons of vipers! How will you escape the judgment of
hell?" (Matthew 23:24-33)
Later that afternoon,
Jesus left the city and went with his disciples to the Mount of Olives, which
sits due east of the Temple and overlooks Jerusalem. Here Jesus gave the Olivet
Discourse, an elaborate prophecy about the destruction of Jerusalem and the end
of the age. He speaks, as usual, in parables, using symbolic language about the
end times events, including His Second Coming and the final judgment. Scripture
indicates that this Tuesday was also the day Judas Iscariot negotiated with the
Sanhedrin, the rabbinical court of ancient Israel, to betray Jesus (Matthew
26:14-16). After a tiring day of confrontation and warnings about the future,
once again, Jesus and the disciples return to Bethany to stay the night.
Lenten Calendar[4]
Pray:
As
we journey with Jesus through Holy Week, remember all those in our world today who
carry heavy crosses of poverty, homelessness, and hunger. Pray for the poor and
vulnerable today.
Act:
Commit
with your family to do at least one of the five suggestions in the article
above.
We often learn our doctrine much
more deeply and effectively simply by celebrating the feasts and fasts of the
Church.
In fact, in Orthodox Judaism the
calendar is the catechism of Israel. According to Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch,
“On the pinions of time which bear us
through life, God has inscribed the eternal words of His soul-inspiring
doctrine, making days and weeks, months and years the heralds to proclaim His
truths. Nothing would seem more fleeting than these elements of time, but to
them God has entrusted the care of His holy things, thereby rendering them more
imperishable and more accessible.”
2698 The Tradition of
the Church proposes to the faithful certain rhythms of praying intended to
nourish continual prayer. Some are daily, such as morning and evening prayer,
grace before and after meals, the Liturgy of the Hours. Sundays, centered on
the Eucharist, are kept holy primarily by prayer. The cycle of the liturgical
year and its great feasts are also basic rhythms of the Christian's life of
prayer.
No one knows human nature better
than the God who created it. The book of Genesis tells us that the Lord God
made the world in six days and rested on the seventh. He rested not because he
was weary-God does not tire-but because He wanted to provide a model for human
labor and rest. The Church calendar coincides with the cosmic rhythms of God.
The Church calendar reflects this fact: That
Christ rose from the dead in payment for our sins and is the Jewish Messiah
that was hoped for.
Though technically only the last fourteen days of Lent explicitly consider the sufferings of our Lord, the Stations of the Cross (a.k.a. the Way of the Cross) have long been a popular Lenten devotion for any or all of the forty days (though they tend to be done on Fridays). These fourteen scenes from the via dolorosa, the sorrowful path that Christ took while carrying His cross to Golgotha, help direct one's heart to the mysterium fidei of our Lord's selfless sacrifice.
For Jews, there was only one Temple. It was the one
place on earth that could truly be called holy. It was the place where God’s
Spirit dwelt. The Temple was a place where they could withdraw from the pollutions
of the world and know God’s presence in purity. As Christians by the action of
Christ we, our bodies, are the temple of God, and He is always with us. No
longer was God’s presence and his purifying ritual confined to a single
geographic location. No longer were they the exclusive privilege of a single
ethnic group. Now the temple has no walls. It is universal—that is, it’s
catholic. We are the temple of God’s presence.
Do you not know that
you are God’s temple and that God’s Spirit dwells in you? ...God’s temple is
holy, and that temple you are.
(I Cor. 3:16-17)
We are the temple of
the living God; as God said, “I will live in them and move among them, and I
will be their God, and they shall be my people.” (2 Cor.6:16)
When I was a youth of 20, I had the great honor of
serving in the Navy Seabee’s and went to build the South Pole Station in
Antarctica and breathing was difficult in the frozen thin air, here is an
excerpt from my book, “The Ice is Nice and Chee-Chee is Peachy.
Most of the
Steelworkers and I were assigned to shoveling snow that had accumulated from
the winter. As you worked, it was so ice-cold that frost formed on your beard,
face and hair from the vapor of your very breath. Living there, I could really
reflect on the statement: “God is closer to you than the very air you breathe”.
Being there gave new meaning to that. Your breath was always with you; you
could not escape it, even if you tried. Your breath almost caressed you as you
went about your day. I thought, “Are we really loved that much?” and then I
reflected on John 3:16 from the bible and it seemed to make more sense to me.
Today,
plan to do at least one Novena for the calendar year for yourself and for your
Family. I always plan to do the Divine Mercy Novena by hiking for nine
Saturdays starting on the Saturday before Divine Mercy Sunday.
In this prayer, Christ has just
spoken of the Evil One, placing us on alert before the battle, reminding us of
our enemy, and keeping us from negligence. “For the kingdom, the power, and the
glory are Yours” (see Mt 6: 13).
·
The
kingdom belongs to God, we should fear no one. For no one can withstand Him or
tear apart His Empire.
·
“The
power is Yours,” Christ says. For this reason, no matter how many forms your
weakness may take, you may still rightly be confident in the battle.
·
“The
glory is Yours.” Not only can God free you from the dangers you face; He can
also make you glorious and outstanding in battle. His power is great, and His
glory is beyond telling— they are both limitless and never come to an end. See
how He has in every way anointed you, His champion, and surrounded you with
confidence? ST. JOHN
“They drank wine,
and praised the gods of gold, and of silver, of brass, of iron, of wood, and of
stone.” Daniel 5:4.
·
America has fully embraced paganism as 70,000 Wiccan,
Satanists, nudists, new agers, sorcerers, earth-worshippers, party revelers and
curiosity seekers descend to Black Rock Desert in Nevada for 8 days of
debauchery and spiritualism.
·
The annual “Burning Man
Festival” is the largest gathering in the
world where revelers from around the globe dance the nights away as loud music blasts a wide range
of music, from hip-hop, techno and electronic.
·
The all-night dance parties include invoking on the
pagan deities, nudity, unrestrained sex and drug use, while during the day
partygoers are treated to “artistic”
displays and “spiritualistic”
exercises, which include worshiping pagan gods. Every occult practice is on
full display. This is a revival of the Old Testament worship of Baal.
·
The
national, mainstream media is covering this event, but they are reporting it
simply as an “arts” and “music”
festival. What they don’t tell you is that
the biggest draw for the partygoers is the free, casual sex that is absolutely
rampant at the Burning Man Festival. And it isn’t just one on one
sex that we are talking about, they actually have an orgy tent or temple that
is always open. This is what is on full display in America. Every manner of
perversion is glorified. This festival has become so popular that other nations are following in
America’s footsteps and have launched their
own free-love and free-spirited events in Israel, Africa, Spain, England and
Australia. They all follow the same principles and philosophy as the
Nevada gathering.
Many
ancient cultures such as Greece, Babylon, Rome, Sodom and the antediluvians
ceased to exist for participating in these same displays of reckless revelry
and sensuality. God won’t be mocked. He is
about to bring the curtain down on all this nonsense which America has bought
into the world since the sexual/cultural revolution of the 1960s. The
Scriptures point to a sexual and moral depravity that will exist in our world
during the last days, the period just before the time of the end. Our
generation is witnessing the fulfillment of this end time sign in an
unprecedented way. The sexual revolution of our time has no parallel in
history.
“This
know also, that in the last days perilous times shall come. For men shall be
lovers of their own selves, covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient
to parents, unthankful, unholy, without natural affection, trucebreakers, false
accusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those that are good, Traitors,
heady, high-minded, lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God”
2 Timothy 3:1-4.
How
long will God allow this pagan perversion to continue? The Scriptures
reminds us that there is a limit to God’s mercy.
·
“And it shall be, if
thou do at all forget the LORD thy God, and walk after other gods, and serve
them, and worship them, I testify against you this day that ye shall surely
perish. As the nations which the LORD destroyeth before your face, so shall ye
perish; because ye would not be obedient unto the voice of the LORD your God.”
Deuteronomy 8:19, 20.
·
“And I will cut off
witchcrafts out of thine hand; and thou shalt have no more soothsayers: Thy
graven images also will I cut off, and thy standing images out of the midst of
thee; and thou shalt no more worship the work of thine hands…And
I will execute vengeance in anger and fury upon the heathen, such as they have
not heard.” Micah 5:12, 13, 15.
·
“And I will utter my
judgments against them touching all their wickedness, who have forsaken me, and
have burned incense unto other gods, and worshipped the works of their own
hands.” Jeremiah 1:16.
Burning
Man 2020 will take place August 30 – September 7 in Northern Nevada’s Black
Rock Desert.
Full Pink Moon
According to the almanac today we are having a Full
Pink Moon; pink is considered the color of women. Today bring the new Eve and
true woman, Mary; into your home, as Christ asked St. John, on the cross to do;
and develop a true friendship.
Daily Devotions
[3]https://www.catholicconvert.com/wp-content/uploads/Timeline-of-Holy-Week.pdf
[5] Hahn, Scott, Signs of Life; 40 Catholic
Customs and their biblical roots. Chap. 6. The Church Calendar.
[7] Hahn, Scott, Signs of Life; 40 Catholic
Customs and their biblical roots. Chap. 32. Presence of God.
[9]
Thigpen, Paul. Manual for Spiritual Warfare. TAN Books.
[10]
http://adventmessenger.org/the-largest-baal-worship-service-on-the-entire-planet-is-in-america/
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